DistributedTeams at ConnectedHubs Summit

Thank you and congratulations to Allan Mulrooney, Stephen Carolan, Leah Fairman, Liam Horan and Pauline Leonard for organizing the Western Development Commission 2023 ConnectedHubs summit in Tullamore, Ireland.

This event brought together people, from many different backgrounds and organizations, who all shared one focus: How the workforce shift to distributed teams, supported with neighborhood coworking spaces could help revive the economies of smaller towns and rural communities across Ireland.

There was a great mix of researchers, policy experts, economic developers, people running coworking spaces/hubs and their allies. To me, some highlights were: Yoshio Tsuda‘s session on his beautiful “Morino-Office” space and details of his economic development work in Nagano, Japan. Fergal McPartland and The Shed Distillery Of PJ Rigney showcasing how the Drumshambo Food Hub is helping local entrepreneurs start global commercial food businesses. Deirdre Frost‘s data analysis and metrics showing the value of all this work. And I spoke about my research on the benefits of distributed teams – for employers, employees and for economic developers with coworking spaces in smaller towns and rural communities. (To watch the recording, click here.)

To show just how important this work is viewed nationally, Simon Coveney, the Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment as well as Heather Humphreys, Minister for Rural and Community Development each gave presentations detailing how various new policies were supporting this work. There was also a session showing how Interreg Europe is helping share these policy lessons with other regional governments across the European Union.

I really enjoyed the different sessions and getting to meet the humans leading hubs in different communities. After the conference was over, I drove to visit several of these hubs in different parts of the countryside. Each was uniquely different, each in a way that fit within their local community, and each in scenic beautiful parts of the island. (More details on that tour in another post.)

The event, the practical optimism of the people and the tour was very inspiring and uplifting. Thank you, all.

(Updated 17mar2024: Add link to video recording.)

Distributed teams vs remote, virtual, hybrid, telework, wfh…

Words matter. It’s easy to slip into a habit of using incorrect words. However, over time, repeated use of incorrect words can give an impression of bias to those you speak with. It can even create bias in yourself. Intentionally choosing to use the correct words can help you communicate without bias and help you avoid creating bias in yourself.

The following words describe very different scenarios and are not interchangeable: “distributed teams,” “hybrid teams,” “virtual teams,” “virtual employee,” “remote work,” “remote employee,” “work from home,” and “work from anywhere,” “telework” and “telecommute”.


Distributed Team: This clearly and correctly describes a group of humans on a team who work together while being physically apart. If you are within immediate arms-reach of every person on your team, then your team is physically co-located. Otherwise, you are part of a distributed team. Because everyone on the physically distributed team is “remote” from someone else, everyone on the team shares equal responsibility to communicate clearly and coordinate their work with others. The term focuses is on how the humans coordinate working with each other. The term does not reference the physical location of humans, so remains accurate even when individuals work from a building with the company logo on top, from their home, a coworking space or another temporary location.


Remote: I usually hear this said by a human in a building with a company logo on it, referring to a coworker who is not at the same location. The “remote” coworker might be working in another office elsewhere with same company logo on it. Or at home. Or at a coworking space. The location of the other coworker doesn’t matter—all that matters is that they are somewhere else. The bias here is that the human speaking believes only the other human is remote. Technically, this is physically impossible. Both are “remote” from each other.

The bias signaled here is that the person thinks of themself as a “real” first-class human in the center-of-their-universe, doing important work, while they think of others as “remote” second-class human physically located elsewhere, doing less important work. This bias will influence new project assignments, bonuses and promotions. During layoffs, this bias can influence decision-makers to keep “real” humans and layoff “remote” humans.

Another bias signaled here is that the “remote” human carries all the responsibility for communicating clearly with the rest of the team—a bias that is incorrect and operationally harmful to the team. If any member of the team is not able to reach out and tap the shoulder of each and every other human on the team, then everyone is remote from someone—and everyone shares equal responsibility for communicating clearly across the entire distributed team.


Hybrid: This term has recently become popular, as employers and employees figure out different post-pandemic work arrangements. This is usually understood to be some compromise between all-in-the-office and all-at-home arrangements. So far, I’ve heard this term used to describe the following very different scenarios:

  1. The team coordinate schedules to all work from the one office location some days per week and all work from home some days. This ensures coworkers meet in person periodically, and this creates a busy office environment for those days, which can be appealing. However, this creates uncomfortable questions about the equity impact for those who cannot commute on those specific days. This requires maintaining a full size preexisting office to handle “peak days”, and creates uncomfortable optics about paying for an expensive office that is intentionally 100% empty on other days.
  2. The team each decide their individual schedules to each work from the one office location some days per week and each work from home some days. This flexibility better handles equity around individual life scheduling issues, but can create scenarios where coworkers who come in on different days never meet each other. This creates an office environment which is never fully empty, but never very full either–often described as what it was like working on the weekend. By avoiding “peak days”, this does allow for reduction in existing office space.
  3. The team consistently work from a range of different locations. Some at the one office location, some at other office locations, some at home. To me, this is not “hybrid”. This is a “distributed team”.

To avoid this confusion, I recommend avoiding this term for now. If you do use the term “hybrid”, be intentional and explicit about which scenario you intend. Also, keep in mind that others using the same term may be describing a different scenario.


Virtual: Similar to “remote” above, I usually hear this said by a human in a building with a company logo on it, referring to a coworker who is not at the same location. The coworker might be working in another office elsewhere with same company logo on it. Or at home. Or at a coworking space. The location of the other coworker doesn’t matter—all that matters is that they are somewhere else.

This term can signal a first-class / second-class mindset—thinking of themself as a real, more-important human, while they consider the other as a virtual(not-real), less-important human. Because of this mindset, these “virtual” humans are usually only assigned more mundane tasks, which obviously limit their career progression, promotion prospects and of course, retention. During layoffs, this bias can influence decision-makers to keep “real” humans and layoff “virtual” humans.


Telework: This term, and related term “telecommute,” originated in the 1970s[1] when people working outside the office had to use a telephone landline to “phone in” their work. Computer connection speeds were so slow and technology so expensive that video calls and transferring large files were usually impractical. Communications between coworkers were limited to audio-only phone calls / conference calls, emails with small attachments and slow character-based terminal connections.

Because of the physical size of computers and the need for a physical landline telephone, this was usually only done from a fixed home location with plenty of advance time needed for complicated setup and configuration.

Because of the limited communications between coworkers, this work arrangement was usually reserved for focused, short duration, solo work, or for more routine, mundane work—not prolonged collaborative work in a distributed team. Coordinating complicated work with others usually required returning to their desks in the one office location. Because of these technical restrictions, “teleworkers” usually only worked on more routine solo tasks, which obviously limited their career progression and promotion prospects. This impacted retention of teleworkers and discouraged employees from enrolling in a “telework” policy, even if offered.

In recent decades, technology has improved, so use of landline telephones and desktop computers are declining. Now that portable laptops, smartphones, high-speed internet and Wi-Fi are the norm, this term feels increasingly obsolete.


Work From Home (WFH): This “working from home” made sense when describing someone working from their fixed residential location outside of a dedicated physical corporate office location. Like “telework,” the use of a desktop computer and a physical landline telephone connection limited work to a predictable fixed location—typically their home. In recent decades, technology has improved. Now that portable laptops, smartphones, high-speed internet and Wi-Fi are the norm, this term feels increasingly obsolete.

Of course, some people do actually work online from their actual home, so sometimes this can feel accurate. However, it can become a habit, causing people to say “Working from Home” to describe someone working from a coworking space or a hotel conference venue—or when describing coworkers who travel the majority of the time. I’ve also heard the terms “road warrior” and “on the road” used to describe coworkers flying in planes or working from airport lounges. The related term “Work From Anywhere” is gaining popularity, and at least feel less inaccurate if there is a need to describe someone’s non-permanent physical work location.

Focusing on describing the physical location of coworkers, instead of how humans coordinate teamwork, concerns me. Describing the physical location incorrectly bothers me, so I avoid the term “work from home” unless it is somehow relevant to the discussion to know that the human is literally working in their place of residence.


Being intentionally precise and consistent about the words you use helps reduce bias and fosters a healthy culture in your distributed team.

“You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means.”
”Inigo Montoya” in the movie “The Princess Bride”

(Originally published in “Distributed Teams“; updated and modified for length 29nov2023)

GSA’s Federal Cowork spaces

It’s only been a few months since GSA opened the doors on our pilot / prototype network of Federal Cowork spaces and we’ve already:

  • Saved taxpayer money, reduced paperwork and reduced disruption for the U.S. National Park Service during a tricky transition.
  • Helped with disaster resilience / continuity of operations for U.S. Department of Agriculture when a storm damaged their office earlier this year.
  • I’m personally also excited that these FedCowork spaces are already working well enough that feds are telling their fed-friends. Net Promoter Scores are important for gauging success, which is why so many organizations ask customers “net promoter” questions in surveys and seek out “influencers” to help raise awareness with potential customers. In Silicon Valley, Net Promoter Scores and influencers are considered particularly essential in the early steps of a new project as you gauge market interest and rapidly adjust based on what you hear. Real time feedback like this helps you “design with users, not for them”. Seeing strong word of mouth referrals like this – especially so early in a pilot project – is just delightfully encouraging.


Full details on all of this are in GSA’s official post here. Also, if you work in federal government and are interested in working in, touring or just learning more about any of these FedCowork locations, you can find contact info and location specific details here.

Environmental value of telework in government (updated)

The State of California’s “Telework Dashboard” continues to gain momentum, so here’s a quick update.

Department of General Services (DGS) continues their work, helping more departments across the State of California include their telework data into this award winning dashboard. And they’ve made impressive progress.

In March 2021, this dashboard showed real-time telework information from 12 agencies with a combined total of ~11,244 humans. The latest data, from April 2023, now shows real-time telework information from 118 agencies with a combined total of 148,523 humans. With more still being added!

How telework combats climate change

This dashboard clearly shows the scale of the benefits of changing commute patterns using widespread, long-term telework. Because these 118 agencies are allowing employees to work from home, we can see that these agencies have reduced collective carbon emissions by 18,013 metric tons during the month of April 2023.

I still find it hard to understand a metric ton of CO2, so to get a sense of the scale of this impact, I turn again to CarbonFootprint.com. They calculate that flying a plane nonstop from San Francisco to Washington DC, land and then fly nonstop back to San Francisco generates 1.10 metric tons of CO2 emissions — the pollution that contributes to the problem of climate change. The 148,523 humans at these agencies who “worked remotely” some (or all) of April 2023 reduced the carbon footprint of their combined commutes by the same amount as NOT making 16,375 round-trip flights between San Francisco and Washington DC, In just the month of April alone. 

Or to phrase it another way: canceling this telework policy and requiring those humans at these agencies to commute daily to their offices would add the same carbon emissions as a policy decision to fly 16,375 nonstop flights from San Francisco to Washington DC and back during the month of April. That’s a new round-trip flight taking off from San Francisco every three minutes — 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for the entire month. 

Setting the standard for a cleaner future

Looking at just this one aspect of the potential environmental benefits of long-term telework can help inform next steps for government agencies who are thinking about their “telework” policies post-COVID. These 118 agencies are tackling hard climate change problems by:

  • Focusing on the largest segment of emissions in the state (commuter traffic pollution according to the California Air Resource Board), then measurably reducing those emissions today by eliminating the need for staff to commute daily from home to the office and back home again.
  • Empowering staff to work effectively and securely from their homes, using modern, consumer-grade technology.
  • Automatically and publicly tracking the impact of these actions in order to make informed policy decisions for the future.

The California agencies contributing data to the live dashboard are showing admirable leadership in tracking the potential benefits of long-term telework at scale in the public sector and I get more delighted by the results as this work continues to scale. These forward-thinking policies, along with the easily digestible info on the dashboard, are a powerful combination, with timely data helping inform smarter decisions and supporting a cleaner future for the government workforce. Thank you (again) to Andrew SturmfelsAnn BaatenGary RensloStuart Drown and many many others for their continued hard work scaling this dashboard.

Looking for “remote”​ work that matters?

Did you know the US Federal Government is the largest employer in the United States of America and hiring – with 460 “remote” positions open today?

If you want to work in a distributed team doing work that matters – and are eager to help improve a public service you personally care deeply about – have a look. To give you a taste of the vast range of open “remote” positions, here are some that caught my eye:

* Field Services Specialist, U.S. Election Assistance Commission
* Attorney-Advisor, Office of the Judge Advocate General, US Navy
* Child Protection and Family Advocate, Bureau of Indian Affairs
* Physician – Diagnostic Radiologist, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
* Director, Office of Tribal Affairs and Strategic Alliances, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
* IT – Information Security, General Services Administration
* Crisis Operations Specialist, Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance, USAID
* Assistant Inspector General, Office of the Inspector General, US Department of Agriculture

For the full list of 460 positions, click here. To apply, you’ll need to create a free account for yourself on usajobs.gov. And if none of those “remote” jobs interest you, just setup a recurring saved search so you get automatic daily/weekly emails as new “remote” job vacancies become available.

John.
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Distributed Economic Development training on HSTalks

I’m excited to announce that my training video “Distributed Teams As Distributed Economic Development” is now available in “The Business and Management Collection” from Henry Stewart Talks. If you care about the economy of your jurisdiction or community, I think you’ll find this video to be immediately practical and helpful.

Since COVID-19 hit, the large scale shift to “WFH” / “Remote work” has changed the economies of many jurisdictions (in good and not-so-good ways). This shift is now getting lots of media coverage, which is new – even though dealing with these changing economic realities for jurisdictions is not new.

Traditional Economic Development is when you give incentives to corporations so they will relocate to your jurisdiction and bring jobs with them. While this worked well in the past, it has become less and less effective over the last few decades. The last few years have rapidly accelerated this trend. Large corporations know how valuable they are, so now jurisdictions have to bid against each other to attract the relocating corporation with larger and larger incentives (usually money or money-like tax breaks). And when one corporation employs the majority of the workforce in your jurisdiction, everyone is impacted if that corporation is lured away elsewhere. Changes in social contract and corporate tax handling further complicate this situation.

What if there was another way? What if you gave incentives to humans not corporations?

I asked this question during testimony sessions with the State of Vermont Senate in 2017 and 2018 as we worked towards what became Vermont’s “Remote Worker” Law. After this bill was signed into law in June 2018, it was wildly successful, and this Distributed Economic Development model is now being used by multiple jurisdictions in the US and internationally.

As more people work in Distributed Teams, encouraging people to move to your jurisdiction, bringing their own *existing* job with them has become a popular alternative to Traditional Economic Development. This Distributed Economic Development has some significant benefits, but requires careful attention to many subtle details to succeed. I first described these details in my book “Distributed Teams” (2018, 2021) and this training video is another step to help jurisdictions do this well. After watching this video, if you still have any questions on how Distributed Economic Development would be helpful to your community or jurisdiction, please do let me know.

This training series includes other experienced long term “remote work” advocates and researchers like: Kate Lister, Rowena Hennigan, Pilar Orti and Lisette Sutherland. Over the years, I’ve enjoyed collaborating with each of these fine humans, so I recommend watching their videos (and listening to their podcasts) too!

Lastly, I want to thank Nacho Rodríguez, Aaron Bolzle and Gonçalo Hall for the many brainstorming sessions and lively discussions over the years. And of course, special thanks go to Rowena Hennigan and Gal Lahav for creating the vision for this entire video series before COVID-19 hit in early 2020 and having the tenacity to make this vision become reality despite the turbulence of the last few years.

John.

Finding “remote”​ work that matters in the U.S. Civil Service

The US Federal Government is the largest employer in the United States of America, and is hiring. Did you know they have 563 “remote” job vacancies open right now?

If you are looking for work that matters – or eager to help improve a government service you personally care deeply about – have a look. Here are (in no particular order) some examples of “remote” job vacancies that caught my eye:

For the full list of today’s “remote” vacancies, click here. To apply, you’ll need to create a free account for yourself on usajobs.gov. And if none of those 563 “remote” jobs interest you, just setup a recurring saved search so you get automatic daily/weekly emails as new “remote” job vacancies become available.

John.

Find “remote”​ work that matters in the U.S. Civil Service

It’s no secret that the US Federal Government is the largest employer in the United States of America. It’s also no secret that they are hiring. But did you know they have 529 “remote” job vacancies open right now?

If you are looking for work that matters – or eager to improve a government service you personally care deeply about – have a look at some examples that caught my eye (in no particular order):

For the full list of today’s 529 vacancies, click here. Or of course, create a free account for yourself on usajobs.gov, with a recurring saved search so you get automatic daily/weekly emails on “remote” jobs as they become available.

John.

Environmental value of telework in government (updated)

It’s been ~18 months since my last post about the State of California’s “Telework Dashboard”, so this felt like a good time for quick update.

Since then, Department of General Services (DGS) has continued working with different departments across the State of California to include their telework data into this award winning dashboard. And they’ve made impressive progress.

In March 2021, this dashboard showed real-time telework information from 12 agencies with a combined total of ~11,244 humans. Today, ~18 months later, this dashboard now shows real-time telework information from 99 agencies with a combined total of ~133,045 humans. With more still being added!

How telework combats climate change

This dashboard clearly shows the scale of the benefits of changing commute patterns using widespread, long-term telework. Because these 99 agencies are allowing employees to work from home, we can see that these agencies have reduced collective carbon emissions by 15,434 metric tons during the month of October.

I still find it hard to understand a metric ton of CO2, so to get a sense of the scale of this impact, I turn again to CarbonFootprint.com. They calculate that flying a plane nonstop from San Francisco to Washington DC, land and then fly nonstop back to San Francisco generates 1.10 metric tons of CO2 emissions — the pollution that contributes to the problem of climate change. The 133,045 humans at these agencies who “worked remotely” some (or all) of October 2022 reduced the carbon footprint of their combined commutes by the same amount as NOT making 13,421 round-trip flights between San Francisco and Washington DC, In just the month of October alone. 

Or to phrase it another way: canceling this telework policy and requiring all staff at all these agencies to commute daily to their offices would add the same carbon emissions as a policy decision to fly 13,421 nonstop flights from San Francisco to Washington DC and back during the month of October. That’s a new round-trip flight taking off from San Francisco every three minutes — 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for the entire month of October. 

Setting the standard for a cleaner future

Looking at just this one aspect of the potential environmental benefits of long-term telework can help inform next steps for government agencies who are thinking about their “telework” policies post-COVID. These 99 agencies are tackling hard climate change problems by:

  • Focusing on the largest segment of emissions in the state (commuter traffic pollution according to the California Air Resource Board), then measurably reducing those emissions today by eliminating the need for staff to commute daily from home to the office and back home again.
  • Empowering staff to work effectively and securely from their homes, using modern, consumer-grade technology.
  • Automatically and publicly tracking the impact of these actions in order to make informed policy decisions for the future.

The California agencies contributing data to the live dashboard are showing admirable leadership in tracking the potential benefits of long-term telework at scale in the public sector and I get more delighted by the results as this work continues to scale. These forward-thinking policies, along with the easily digestible info on the dashboard, are a powerful combination, with timely data helping inform smarter decisions and supporting a cleaner future for the government workforce. Thank you (again) to Andrew SturmfelsAnn BaatenGary RensloStuart Drown and many many others for their continued hard work scaling this dashboard.

California’s telework dashboard wins innovation award

Telework dashboard earns California Department of General Services an “Innovation in State Government Award” from the National Association of State Chief Administrators (NASCA). This award is well deserved for many reasons, but from my perspective, the two biggest reasons are:

1) Organization vs individual: There are many ways for an individual to track the climate impact of their commute; mileage reports when buying a car, emissions impact from driving vs taking public transit, emissions impact from flights, etc. This puts all the responsibility for action onto the individual human – who may have limited choices depending on their role and the employer’s telework/”remote work” policies. California’s telework dashboard measures the climate impact of an entire organization’s commuting staff and helps inform organizational leadership on whether their organization’s “telework” / “remote work” policies are effective. As far as I know, this is the first dashboard tracking organizational-level commute savings.

2) Annual reports vs live data: Typically in government, people track progress by writing annual reports. These reports take time to write, time to proof-check for errors, time to print (on paper!) and distribute – and finally time to read. Given the weeks of work involved, writing these reports once a year is hard enough. However, these delays add up – making annual reports far less actionable. By contrast, the DGS telework dashboard uses real-world data updated each week. This live data, updated every week, helps leadership track the effectiveness of decisions made in recent weeks, and help make more informed decisions. This is a great example of measure what matters. Oh, and it’s also public.

Congrats to Andrew SturmfelsAnn BaatenGary RensloStuart Drown and many many others for all the hard work leading up to making this live tracking dashboard a reality. The award is well deserved. With any luck, the first of many awards for this innovative work!